Roofing-tile.



PATENTED APR 18, 1905.

L. G. SHARP. ROOFING TILE. APPLICATION FILD JUNE 9, 1904.

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IIIIIIHMIIIIIIIIIH PATBNTBD APR. 18, 1905. L. G. SHARP. ROOPING TILE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1904.

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.www M JMJ# Patented April 18, 1905.

PATENT OEELCE.

LESLIE Cr. SHARP, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ROOFING-TIL.

SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent No. 787,474, dated April 18, 1905.

Application filed June 9, 1904. Serial No. 211,764.

To all whom, it may concern:

Beit known that I, LESLIE G. SHARP, a citi- Zen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the countyof Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Roofing-Tiles, of which the following is a specification.

My invention pertains more particularly to rooting-tile made of plastic clay or shale suitably shaped and burned in a kiln, although cement or any other plastic material that may be found' well enough adapted to such purpose may be used in their manufacture without subjecting them to the aforesaid burning process. i

My invention does not relate to what are commonly known as interlocking roofing'- tiles of the kind that have a shallow groove or gutter on the face side of the tileat one side and a short tongue made on the Linder part of the tile extending' along theother side thereof and adapted to lit down into said groove or gutter', so as to interlock and connect the tiles side by side in forming a roof and to prevent leakage; but my invention does relate to tile of the kind that overlap each other at their side joints by means of upwardly and downwardly projecting marginal parts or fianges made on the sides of the tile, and, as herein shown, my invention more particularly relates to such patterns of tile as have a face or body part made up of curves or a combined curved and iat surface which are commonly calle( S or Spanish patterns. Such tile are usuallymade with an upwardly-projecting marginal side flange so low or short that with a little snow or ice on the tile when it rains the water is liable to fiow over the top, causing' the roof to leak, and such simple poorly-fitting short lap-joints afford but slight protection against wind driven snows and rains.

Further-more, by reason of four thicknesses.

of the tile coming together at the corners where each'four tile are assembled in forming a roof a corner of one of the Vupper tile is usually cut off and a corner of one of the lower course of tile is also cut oif to match the cut corner of the aforesaid upper tile, and they are then butted together, so as to reduce the number of thicknesses, and thereby render it possible to get the four tile together at that part and without making a clumsy joint; but such cutting away of the corners at the lap part of the tile makes such a short open joint at the corners that even under ordinary conditions the roof is liable to leak, to say nothing of the severe tests it must undergo when subjected to wind-driven snows and rains. To make these tile on the interlocking' plan hereinbeforementioned also produces very poor and unsatisfactory corner-joints, and the side joints being made so low down water flowing into the grooves or gutters and freezing is liable to burst the youtside wall of the groove, and thus cause leakage, or with ice forming in the grooves or if leaves and dirt lodge therein and rains come the water is quite liable to go over the side of such shallow grooves or gutters and cause the roof to leak badly. For the reasons above stated it may be clearly seen that roofing-tiles made with such short simple ,overlapping or interlocking low-down side .joints cannot make a roof that may be fully depended upon under the various conditions that must usually be provided for.

The object of my invention is to produce a rooting-tile that will be light, cheap to manufacture, beautiful in appearance, with long overlapping side jointsY located well above the vlowermost part of the weather-exposed portion of the face of the tile and with all joints so well constructed and amply protected that `the tile will make a roof that cannot be otherwise than both water and snow proof and thoroughly reliable under the most severe and exacting conditions.

My improved roofingtile is hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, similar letters refer to similar Vparts throughout the several views.

other tile, the outside part or flange thereof IOO is made plain, extends down to the roof foundation, and, as shown in this instance, has a tapering horizontal liange a formed on its side to make a better finish at the gable ends of the roof. Fig. 2 is a lower end elevation of my gable-tile A and a broken section of the tile A. This view also shows in position my cave-closing piece B' and a section of my cave-closing pieces B, each of said eave-clos ing pieces being made, as shown, to lit the respective tile in which it is used. Fig. 3 is a View of one of my gable-tile with its upper end broken away and the tile shown in longitudinal section cut on line 3 3 of Fig. 2 and shows a sectional View of my cave-closing piece B in position and also shows a section of the perforated rib a that is shown in Fig. 5. Fig'. 4 is a plan view of the upper side or face part of one of my improved rooting-tiles A. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the under side of one of my roofing-tiles A. Fig. 6 is a sectional view of parts of two of my rooling-tiles joined together and as cut on line 6 6 of Fig. l. Fig. 7 is a perspective plan view of a portion of two of my rooting-tiles assembled and as looking at the upper ends thereof, this view being to more clearly show the inwardly-jogged portion of one tile and the outwardly-projecting part of another and shows how these parts lit together. Fig. 8 is a sectional end-elevation view of parts of two of my tiles assembled and as cut on line 8 8 of Fig. 4. Fig. 9 is a sectional end-elevation view of parts of four of my tiles assembled and as cut on line 9 9 of Fig. 4. Fig. 10 is a sectional end-elevation View of parts of four of my tiles assembled and as cut on line 10 10 of Fig.4. Fig. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of parts of two of my tiles assembled and as cut on line 11 11 of Fig. 4. Fig. 12 is a sectional end elavation of parts of two of my roofing-tiles assembled and as cut on line 12 12 of Fig. 5 and also shows one of my eave-closing pieces B in position. Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional View of parts of two of my tiles assembled to show a slightly-modified form of a lap side joint. Fig. 14 is a plan view of a modified form of one of my rooting-tiles, showing' its face portion made up of a convex part joined to a horizon tal or flat part. Fig.v 15 is a crosssectional view of one of my modified tile shown in Fig. 14 and a portion of another as cut on line 15 15 of Fig. 14.

My roofing-tile A is preferably made with its body part composed of a convex portion t2 and a concave portion a3, joined as shown in Fig. 4. At its side near one of its upper corners the body part has an inward jog ai', and on the opposite side at the other upper corner Imake an outwardly-projecting somewhat box-shaped part a5.' The upper end of the tile has a downward jog a, making' the convex part a2 a little shorter in length than the concave part (t3. On said concave part, as shown in Fig. 4, I make an upwardly-projecting marginal part or Harige a7, which extends from the lower end of the tile along its side to the upper end thereof, jogging around the lower end as and corner a of the outwardlyprojecting part a5, as shown, and at a point below the top of the part or ange (t7 l sometimes form a step am, which, as shown in this instance, extends from the lower end of the tile to the outwardly-projecting part a5, and I in some cases make a similar step tu in the said upwardly-projecting marginal part or liange a7 inside of said outwardly-project ing part a5, said step extending from the lower to the upper end thereof or to the upper end of the tile. At the upper end of the tile I preferably make an upwardly-projectingmarginal flange rtlz, which extends from one side of the tile to the other following the contour of said downwardly-jogged part a in the end of the convex part a2. Down through an enlarged part am of said upwardly-projecting marginal liange L12 I make a nail-hole at, and a short distance below said upwardly-projecting marginal iange am I usually make an upwardly-projecting cross-rib al, which extends from one side of the tile to the other, excepting when I make a water-escape opening am, as shown in Fig. 4, which cuts the said rib in two parts at that point. In this instance it will be seen that the shorter part of the aforesaid upwardly-projectiug cross-rib a, extends clear up to the inside of the upwardly-pro jecting marginal part or flange a7 and is joined thereto in the outwardly-projecting part t5 hereinbefore described. In tiles made by others such cross-ribs are usually terminated or cut off down on -a much lower level of the tile, because in their construction it would interfere with other parts in assembling the tile and just where such a cross-rib is most badly needed to properly protect the joints. Where the corners of four tiles come together, there is no cross-rib.'

On the convex part L2 of the tile I make a downwardly projecting marginal part or flange a", which extends from the lower to the upper end of the tile following the contour of the inwardly-jogged part a, as shown in the inverted view of my tile in Fig. 5. .In some cases I make a longitudinal bead or nose part w18 along the outer corner of the bottom of said downwardly projecting iiange an, which bead or nose part als is clearly shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 6. In the bottom of said downwardly projecting marginal part or flange a at the end of the cross-rib au I make a groove or notch aw, which is clearly shown in Fig. 5, and in some instances l make on the bottom of said downwardly-projecting marginal part or iange a. a downwardly-projecting part a2", which, as here shown, is intended to go down into the opening u, of another tile, as shown in Figs. 4 and 8, when the tiles are assembled.

To better close and protect the joint-opening IOO the lower end of the tile to the roof foundation, as is frequently done in laying tilesion steel or iron purlins C or skeleton construction, where there are no sheathing-boards to which the tile may be nailed. At the upper end of the tile, on the bottom or under side,

I may make a downwardly-projecting lug 61,2", (shown in Figs'. 5, 7 and 11,) which lug is to hook over a purlin C, as shown in Fig. ll and as is commonly done in laying roofing-tiles. On the lowei` end of my tile I usually make a downwardly projecting marginal crossflange (L25, as shown in Figs. 5 and 2, which cross flange c25, as shown in Fig. 2, jogs around the stepped part 61, and to 'receive this irregular shape or contour at a2 when the tiles are assembled to form a roof agroove (L27 is made in the inwardly-jogged part a4, as is clearly shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 7. Located above the said marginal cross-flange @25 and parallel thereto I preferably make a downwardly-projecting rib or tongue (fs, as shown in Figs. 5, 3, and 11, which tongue projects down between the upwardly-projecting marginal flange au and cross-rib a of a similartile when the tiles are assembled in roof construction, and said downwardly-projecting marginal flange c25 fits down over the outside of the said cross-rib (L15 of the tile laid below it, as best shown in Fig. 1l. In this construction I show a recess or groove L29 in the bottom of the tilein Fig. 5, which groove is made to receive the widened-out part @3 of the upwardly-projecting marginal flange am of a similar' tile when assembled as a roof. In some cases I cut away a portion of the upwardly-projecting marginal flange at am, Fig. il, to enable that part of the downwardly-projecting flange L25 at L32 to project down below the top of said upwardly-projecting marginal flange a7 and to aord better protection for the end of the-joint, as shown partly in dotted lines in Fig; 2.

l As the convexpart a2 of my outer or gable tile A does not connect with another tile, its outside part is made plain and comes down to the roof foundation D, as shown in Figs. l and 2, and in some cases I add a tapering horizontal flange part a to make a better or straight-line finish at the gable end of the roof.

At the opposite gable a straight-line linish can be made by using in connection with the regular tile some sections of similar tile modified to suit the case and with the horizontal flange part av added to said section-pieces when ing a roof.

' necessary.' To prevent sparrows or birds from nesting therein and to prevent snow and rain from blowing into the open ends of the conveX part of the bottom 'or eave course of tile, I preferably make a separate eave-closing piece B, which may have a marginal rib and said eave-closing piece is made of a shape to fit the inner curve of the convex part of the tile and `also adapted to lit into the groove between the downwardly-projecting marginal cross-flange (L25 and the downwardly-projecting rib or tongue (L28, as shown in Figs. 2,'3,

yand l2. The downwardly-projecting marginal cross-flange L25 and the downwardly-projecting rib or tongue @28 serve to securely hold the eave-closing piece in an upright position and so it cannot get out of the tile.

This not only .makes a neat and good eave closing device, but renders unnecessary the making of specral tiles with burned-in ends, as

ycommonly done, which are difficult and eX- pensive to make and can be used only for the bottom or eave course of tile in construct- The upwardlyprojecting marginal part or flange a7 is preferably curved to fit the inner curve of the downwardly-projecting marginal part or liange a of the convex part ofv the tile; but in some cases Imay make the inner curve of the upwardly-projecting marginal part or flange a7 concave, as

shown in Fig. 13, so as to leave an elliptical-v shaped opening E between the two flanges a7 and a toprevent capillary attraction of any water that may get into the joint if in any case it should be found necessary to have such a safeguard. (shown in Figs. 4 and 7) is for the purpose of closing the upper end of the stepped part j joint, so that any water getting into the groove cannot run down lengthwise in the joint of the stepped part al", but instead will be led down into the concave part of the tile.

As'Spanish and S tiles are commonly made by others where an upwardly projecting marginal flange is made at the upper end of the tile the height of said flange diminishes greatly as it goes down on the outer side of the convex part of the tile, and right in the corner where four tiles come together and where a good height of marginal llange is most badly needed to properly protect the corner-joints the flange is usually cut entirely off or so very low that it is practically worthless for the purpose of making a safe cornerjoint. In my construction it will be seen that four tiles can come together at their corners without having any of either the upwardlyprojecting flange am or of the upwardly-projecting cross-rib au cut away or in the least vmy tile are constructed each upwardly-projecting marginal flange a, upwardly-project- .ing cross rib a, downwardly projecting The downwardly-projecting part afl IOO IIO

Hange c25, and downwardly-projecting tongue (t28 is made to connect directly with a like part on another tile, so as to form practically continuous ribs or flanges clear across the roof when the tile are assembled, excepting at the points where the water-escape openings al are made in the upwardly-projecting crossribs (L15. It will be seen that the Water-escape opening aw is suiciently closed below by the downwardly-projecting marginal cross-flange L25 and also closed above by the downwardlyprojecting rib or tongue 28, although any water that may happen to get up between the upwardly-projecting' cross-rib am and the upwardly-projecting' marginal Hange L12 can leak out under the downwardly-projecting rib or tongue L28 and the downwardly-projecting 'marginal cross-fiange c25 to the exposed face part of the tile and run off.

Instead of making the body or face of my tile of a concavo-conVex-curved form I sometimes make it with a convex part co2, joined to a fiat or horizontal part A2, as shown in Figs. 14 and l5; but the other features of this modilied form of tile are similar to those of the concavo-convex-curved form hereinbefore described.

While I have shown and described the preferred form of my invention, I do not wish to be limited thereto, as many slight modifications could be made without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I/Vhat I claim as my invention, and wish to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. An improved roofing-tile, havinga body part made with the greater portion of its two sides parallel to each other, an inward jog made in one of said sides in an upper corner of said body part, an outwardly-projecting part made on the other of said sides in the opposite Lipper corner of said body part, said outwardly-projecting part adapted to receive the inwardly-jogged overlapping part of a similar tile when such tile are laid togetherin forminga roof, a downwardly-projecting marginal part or Hange made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the said inward jog and following the contour of said inward jog to the upper end of the body part, an upwardly-projecting marginal part or Harige made on said body part and extended along' the same side thereof that has said outwardly-projectiug part and jogged around the lowcr end and corner of said outwardly-projecting part to the upper end of said body part, and suitable means for securing said tile to a roof foundation, all when made substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

2. An improved roofing-tile, having a body part made with the greater portion of its two sides parallel to each other, an inward jog made in one of said sides in an upper corner of said body part, an outwardly-projecting part made on the other of said sides in the opposite upper corner of said body part, said outwardly-projecting part adapted to receive the inwardly-jogged overlapping part of a similar tile when such tile are laid togetherin forming a roof, a downwardly-projecting marginal part or flange made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the said inward jog and following the contour of said inward jog to the upper end of the bodj7 part, an upwardly-projecting marginal part or iange made on said bodj7 part and extended along the same side thereof that has the outwardly-projecting part and follow-.

ing the contour of said outwardly-projecting part to the upper end of said body part, the notch or recess al", made in said downwardlyprojecting marginal part or flange, an upwardly-projecting marginal flange made on the said body part and extended across the upper end thereof, an upwardly-projecting cross-rib made on the body part but located below the said upper end marginal iiange, and means for securing said tile to a roof foundation, all when made substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

3. An improved roofing-tile, havinga body part with the greater portion of the two sides thereof made parallel to each other, one of said sides made of convex-curved form, an inward jog made in said convex-curved part at the upper corner of said body part, an outwardly-projecting part made on the other of said sides in the opposite upper corner of said body part, said outwardlysprojecting part adapted to receive the inwardly-jogged overlapping part of a similar tile when such tile are laid together in forming a roof, a downwardly-projecting marginal l part or iiange made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the said inward jog and following the contour of said inward jog to the upper end of the body part, an upwardly-projecting marginal part or flange made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the outwardlyprojecting part to the upper end of said body part, a downwardly-projecting marginal iiange made on said body part and extended across the lower end thereof, the transverse groove d", made in said convex-curved part, and suitable means for securing said tile to a roof foundation, all when made substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

4. An improved roofing-tile, having a body part made with the greater portion of its two sides parallel to each other, an inward jog made in one of said sides in the upper corner of said body part, an outwardly-projecting part made on the other of said sides in an opposite upper corner of said body part, said outwardly-projecting part adapted to receive the inwardly-jogged overlapping part of a similar tile when such tile are laid together in forming a roof, a downwardlyprojecting marginal part or iange made on said body IIO rov

part and extended along the same side thereof that has the said inward jog and following the contour of said inward jog to the upper end of the body part, an upwardly -projecting marginal stepped part or ange made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the outwardlyprojecting part, the downwardly-projecting tongue or part rf", made on the bottom of said downwardly-projectin g marginal flange, the groove (L29, made in said body part, an upwardly-projecting marginal flange made on said body part and extended across the upper end thereof, a downwardly-projecting marginal flange made on the bodypart and extended across the lower end thereof, and suitable means for securing said tile to a roof foundation, all when made substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

5. An improved roofing-tile, having a body part made with the greater portion of its two sides parallel to each other, an inward jog made in one of said sides in an upper corner of said body part, an outwardly-projecting part made on the other of said sides in theopposite upper corner of said body part, said outwardly-projecting part adapted to receive the inwardlyjogged overlapping part of a similar tile when such tile are laid together in forming a roof, adown wardly-projecting marginal part or iiange made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the said inward jog and following the contour of said inward jog to the upper end of the body part, an upwardly-projecting marginal stepped part or iiange made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the outwardly-projecting part, the bead or nose part a, made on the outer edge of said downwardly-projecting marginal part or iiange, an upwardly projecting marginal flange made on said body part and extended across the upper end thereof, a downwardlyprojecting' marginal cross-liange made on the lower end of said body part, and suitable means for securing said tile to a roof foundation, all when made substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

6. An improved gable-roofing tile, having a body part made with the greater portion of its two sides parallel to each other, a convex curve in its face, an outwardly-projecting part made in an upper corner of said body part, a downwardly-projecting part made on the convex portion of said body part and extended along the side thereof to the upper end of -the body part, the horizontal flange a, made on said downwardly-projecting part, an upwardlyprojecting marginal part or flange made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the outwardly-projecting part and following the contour of said outwardly-projecting part to the upper end of said body part, an upwardly-projecting marginal flange made on said body part and extended across the upper end thereof, a downwardly-projecting marginal cross-flange made on the lower end of said body part, and suitable means for securing said tile to a roof foundation, all when made substantially as described and for'the purposes set forth.

7. An improved roofing-tile, having a body part made with its face of a joined concave and convex curved form, the sides of said body part made parallel to each other, an' inward jog made in one of said sides in the convex part at an upper corner of said body part, an outwardly-projecting part made on the other of said sides in the opposite upper corner of said body part, said outwardly projecting part adapted to receive the inwardly-jogged overlapping part of a similar tile when such tile are laid together in forming a roof, a downwardly-projecting marginal part or flange made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the said inward jog and following the contours of said inward jog to the upper end of the body part, an upwardly-projecting marginal stepped part or flange 4made on said body part and extended along the same side thereof that has the outwardly-projecting part and following the contour of said outwardly-projecting part to the upper end of said body part, an upwardlyprojecting marginal flange made on said; body part and extended across the upper end thereof, a downwardly-projecting marginal crossange made on the lower end of said body part, a downwardly-projecting rib or tongue made on the under side of said body part 1ocated above, but near and parallel to said lastmentioned downwardly-projecting marginal cross-flange, the recess C029, made in the under side of said body part, and suitable means for securing said tile to a roof foundation, all when made substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of. two subscribing witnesses.

LESLIE Gr. SHARP. Vitnesses:

Lou M. PORTER, MAGGIE M. WYsn.

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